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🧬 Who Is at Higher Risk?

✅ Tobacco Use (Smoking or Chewing)
The #1 cause — accounts for nearly 80% of cases
✅ Heavy Alcohol Use
Increases risk; combined with tobacco, danger multiplies up to 30x
✅ HPV Infection (Especially Type 16)
Now linked to oropharyngeal cancers — rising in younger adults
✅ Sun Exposure
Increases risk of lip cancer (especially lower lip)
✅ Poor Diet
Low intake of fruits and vegetables linked to higher risk
✅ Age Over 55
Most cases occur in older adults — but HPV-related cases affect younger people

💡 Even non-smokers can develop oral cancer.

🧪 How Is Mouth Cancer Detected?

During Routine Dental Visits:

  • Visual exam: Dentist checks lips, tongue, gums, and throat
  • Palpation: Feels for lumps or tissue changes
  • Advanced tools: Some offices use fluorescence or blue light screening

🩺 If anything suspicious is found, a biopsy confirms diagnosis.

📊 Stages of Mouth Cancer

Staging helps doctors plan treatment and predict outcomes.

✅Stage I
Tumor ≤2 cm, no spread to lymph nodes
✅Stage II
Tumor 2–4 cm, still localized
✅Stage III
Tumor >4 cm OR spread to one nearby lymph node
✅Stage IV
Spread to multiple nodes, other tissues, or distant organs

📌 The earlier the stage, the better the prognosis.

🛠️ Treatment Options (Based on Stage & Health)

✅Surgery
Remove tumor and possibly affected lymph nodes
✅Radiation Therapy
Kill cancer cells; used alone or after surgery
✅Chemotherapy
For advanced stages; often combined with radiation
✅Targeted Drug Therapy
Drugs like cetuximab target specific cancer cell features
✅Immunotherapy
Boosts immune system to fight cancer (e.g., pembrolizumab)

🎯 Treatment plans are personalized — based on location, stage, and overall health.

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